记忆何时出错——错误记忆产生阶段的理论综述

When Memory Goes Wrong—A Theoretical Review of the Stages of False Memory Production

错误记忆研究历史悠久,支持理论多样。文章分别从编码、提取、编码与提取共同作用等三阶段探讨了错误记忆的理论模型。其中有代表性的理论模型包括内隐激活反应理论、模糊痕迹理论、来源检测理论、激活监测理论等。错误记忆虽理论模型多样,但大多只侧重单一阶段作用,没有较为全面的支持理论。明确这一问题可更好帮助法庭审判、心理咨询等现实情境,减少错误记忆。

False memory research has a long history and various supporting theories. This paper discusses the theoretical model of false memory from three stages: encoding, extraction, and the interaction between encoding and extraction. The typical theoretical models include implicit activation response theory, fuzzy trace theory, source detection theory, activation monitoring theory, etc. Although there are various theoretical models of false memory, most of them only focus on a single stage, and there is no comprehensive supporting theory. Clarifying this problem can better help the court trial, psychological counseling and other real situations, reduce false memory.