论侵害有人身意义特定物的精神损害赔偿

On Compensation for Moral Damage against Specific Objects of Personal Significance

侵害有人身意义特定物的精神损害赔偿经历了司法解释时代、《侵权责任法》时代和《民法典》时代,其内涵和构成要件需要根据规范原文进行逐个分析。对其分类采用列举归纳的方法,分为:逝者的遗物及关联物、有人身意义的信件文书、宠物、纪念性的视听资料、纪念物品、人造器官等六大类别。侵害有人身意义特定物而产生的精神损害赔偿责任具有独立性和明确的构成要件,在确定赔偿数额时需要考虑侵权人主观过错、物品价值、被害人损失以及惩戒、警示和教育作用。

Compensation for moral damages infringing on specific objects with personal significance has gone through the era of judicial interpretation, the era of the Tort Liability Law and the era of the Civil Code, and its connotation and constituent elements need to be analyzed one by one according to the original text of the norm. Its classification adopts the method of enumeration and induction, and is divided into six categories: relics and related objects of the deceased, letters and documents with personal significance, pets, commemorative audiovisual materials, commemorative items, and artificial organs. The liability for moral damage arising from infringement of specific objects of personal significance has independent and clear constituent elements, and the subjective fault of the infringer, the value of the goods, the victim’s loss, and the role of punishment, warning and education need to be considered when determining the amount of compensation.