超额剩余价值的来源——基于“自创论”的思考

The Source of Excess Residual Value—Thinking Based on “Self-Creationism”

超额剩余价值的来源问题一直是政治经济学的热门话题之一,许多学者都对此提出了不同的看法。理解超额剩余价值的来源是分析科学技术创新在价值生产、资本积累过程中的重要环节,也是理解马克思主义劳动价值论、剩余价值生产论、资本积累理论的关键问题之一。文章基于以往学者的文献,先是列出了众多学者在超额剩余价值的来源问题上的不同观点,即有“自创论”、“转移论”和“综合论”三种。然后基于“自创论”,总结它的理论基础和存在的争议。针对这些争议,提出自己的看法,即超额剩余价值是发现知识和发明技术的劳动者创造的,而不是由其他落后生产力的企业转移来的,更不是由知识创造出来的。最后,文章强调只有坚持马克思主义,坚持劳动在价值运动中的作用,坚持剩余价值包括超额剩余价值是由劳动创造的,才能更好地发展经济。

The question of the source of excess residual value has been one of the hot topics in political economy, and many scholars have put forward different views on it. Understanding the source of excess residual value is an important link in analyzing the process of value production and capital accumulation of science and technology innovation, and it is also one of the key issues in understanding the Marxist labor theory of value, residual value production theory and capital accumulation theory. Based on the literature of previous scholars, this paper first lists the different views of many scholars on the source of excess surplus value, namely “self-creation theory”, “transfer theory” and “synthesis theory”. Then, based on the “self-creation theory”, summarize its theoretical basis and existing controversies. In response to these controversies, this paper put forward its own view that excess surplus value is created by workers who discover knowledge and invention technology, not transferred by other enterprises with backward productivity, let alone created by knowledge. Finally, this paper emphasizes that only by adhering to Marxism, adhering to the role of labor in value movement, and insisting that surplus value, including excess surplus value, is created by labor, can we better develop the economy.