地方气象部门“首违免罚”制度完善与适用

The Improvement and Proper Applications of the System “Impunity for the First Violation” in Local Meteorological Departments

2021年新修订的《行政处罚法》通过立法形式确立“首违免罚”制度规定,体现“处罚与教育相结合”宗旨,有利于进一步优化营商环境。文章根据中国气象局《气象行政处罚裁量权》基准,从行政相对人角度研究关于“首违免罚”制度在气象领域的适用条件及适用范围,针对“首违免罚”在地方实践中不同的裁量标准,提出通过细化规章制度、规范行政处罚流程等方式使地方气象部门在执法中应用“首违免罚”制度更顺畅,为地方市场主体有序经营提供更加严谨的制度保障、健康的运营商环境。

In 2021, the newly revised Administrative Penalties Law set the system of Impunity for the First Violation through legislation, which demonstrates the aim of “combining penalties with moralization” and is beneficial to furtherly optimize the business environment. According to the basic standards of the Judgement Power in Meteorological Administrative Penalties by Meteorological Bureau, from private party’s perspective, the author has studied the suitable conditions and the proper range of applications of “Impunity for the First Violation” in meteorological areas. In terms of the different standards of the system in different places, the author has raised some solutions such as refining rules and regulating the administrative penalty procedures to make the utilization of the system smoother for local meteorological departments and provide a more rigorous and healthier environment for local market entities to operate business orderly.