RCEP国际贸易争端解决机制的特点与应对策略

Characteristics and Coping Strategies of RCEP International Trade Dispute Settlement Mechanism

《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》(RCEP)已于2022年初全面生效实施,RCEP这一全球规模最大的自贸协定的达成除了在实体法规则方面较已有自贸协定有诸多突破与创新外,其协议文本就签署成员面临的现实困境提供了针对性的经贸争端法律规制方案,旨在解决WTO争端解决机制已难以适应新形势下贸易相关方的争端解决诉求的窘境,促进全球经贸健康平稳发展。协议文本就现存重复繁杂的自贸协定体系拟制了“场所选择条款”,为经贸争端管辖的高效有序实施创设了条件。对比世纪贸易组织(WTO)、国际投资争端解决中心(ICSID),RCEP文本将磋商作为经贸争端法律规制的基础,强调各种经贸争端规制的协调与融合,从而为大量私主体的争议解决提供了现实可能性,为打造具有法治、稳定、平等的经贸利益冲突法律规制提供了新的契机。在此背景下,我国需从人才培养、平台建设与话语体系构建三方面有效参与和利用RCEP争端解决机制。

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) has been fully imple-mented in early 2022. The conclusion of RCEP, the world’s largest free trade agreement, in addi-tion to many breakthroughs and innovations in terms of substantive laws and rules compared with existing free trade agreements, the agreement text provides targeted legal regulations for economic and trade disputes in light of the practical difficulties faced by the signatories. It aims to solve the dilemma that the WTO dispute settlement mechanism has been unable to adapt to the dispute settlement demands of trade-related parties under the new situation, and promote the healthy and steady development of global economy and trade. The text of the agreement draws up a “venue selection clause” for the existing repetitive and complicated free trade agreement system, creating conditions for the efficient and orderly implementation of the jurisdiction of economic and trade disputes. Compared with the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), the RCEP text takes consultation as the basis for the legal regulation of economic and trade disputes and emphasizes the coordination and integration of various economic and trade dispute regulations, thus providing realistic possibilities for the dispute resolution of a large number of private parties. It provides a new opportunity to build a legal regulation of conflict of economic and trade interests with rule of law, stability and equality. In this context, China needs to effectively participate in and utilize the RCEP dispute settlement mechanism from three aspects: personnel training, platform construction and discourse system construction.