论侵占罪的保护法益

The Protected Legal Interest of the Crime of Embezzlement

财产法益是经济利益和人格利益的复合。刑法不仅保护财产中的利益成分,也保护财产中的意志成分。侵占罪的保护对象,不应该是自然意义上的“物”,而是规范意义上的“财”。侵占罪保护法益的全部意义也无法仅从作为客体的财物的角度得以理解。只有人,才是法律的目的。刑法保护的不是财物本身,而是人与财之间的支配性联系,也就是所有权关系。财产法上的所有权意味着权利人可以自由支配本人的财物,其特征有二:一是所有权的行使仅委诸所有者个人之意志;二是所有权的实现具有绝对性,他人必须承认个人自决的效力不可任意干涉。因此,所有权法益也可相应划分为两种内容:一是财产处分自由法益;二是权利实现可能性法益。从而,所有权说实现了主观法益和客观法益的整合,足以肩负起侵占罪保护法益的重任。

Property legal interest is a combination of economic interest and personality interest. Criminal law not only protects the interest component of property, but also protects the volitional component of property. The object of protection of the crime of embezzlement should not be “things” in the natural sense, but “property” in the normative sense. The full significance of the legal interest protected by the crime of embezzlement cannot be understood only in terms of property as an object. Only human beings are the object of the law. Ownership in property law means that the right holder can freely dispose of his own property, which is characterized by two things: first, the exercise of ownership is entrusted only to the will of the individual owner;second, the realization of ownership is absolute, and others must recognize the effects of individual self-determination cannot be arbitrarily interfered with. Therefore, the legal interests of ownership can also be correspondingly divided into two contents: first, the legal interests of freedom of property disposal;second, the realization of the possibility of legal interest. Thus, the ownership theory realizes the integration of subjective and objective legal interests. It is enough to shoulder the heavy responsibility of protecting the legal interests of the crime of embezzlement.