稀缺心态影响注意分配:效应、后果及其干预

Scarcity Mindset Affects Attention Allocation: Effects, Consequences and Interventions

稀缺理论提出,稀缺心态是个体认为自己所有少于其所需的一种主观感受。大量证据显示,稀缺心态会影响注意分配:1) 注意资源集中在稀缺对象上;2) 忽视其它长远或有益信息,这个过程也被称为“管窥效应”。稀缺心态引发管窥效应会带来两种不同后果:一方面提高了对稀缺资源的利用效率或任务绩效;另一方面减少了完成其它任务的心理带宽,导致认知负荷,损害了完成其它任务的认知能力和执行功能。现有研究发现,提供助推、增强社区信任和有条件的现金转移支付能有效疏解稀缺心态。未来研究还应明确稀缺心态对注意忽视的影响、探索稀缺心态损害认知能力和执行功能的边界条件,并开发系统性的本土化干预方案,为减少稀缺心态的不利后果提供专业的理论指导。

The scarcity theory proposes that the scarcity mindset is a subjective feeling that individuals think they have less than they need. Plenty of evidence shows that scarcity mindset affects attention allocation: 1) attention resources are concentrated on scarce objects;2) other long-term or useful information is ignored, a process also known as “tunneling”. Tunneling caused by scarcity mindset will bring two different consequences: on the one hand, it improves the utilization efficiency of scarce resources or task performance, on the other hand, it reduces the psychological bandwidth to complete other tasks, resulting in cognitive load, which damages the cognitive ability and executive function. Existing studies have found that providing boost, enhancing community trust and conditional cash transfer payments can effectively alleviate the scarcity mindset. Future research should also clarify the impact of scarcity mindset on attention neglect, explore the boundary conditions of scarcity mindset damaging cognitive ability and executive function, and develop systematic localized intervention programs to provide professional theoretical guidance for reducing the adverse consequences of scarcity mindset.