公平竞争视阈下消费券发放问题研究

Research on the Issue of Consumer Voucher Issuance from the Perspective of Fair Competition

新冠肺炎疫情背景之下,我国地方政府发放大量消费券以刺激消费、提振经济。但在对公平竞争的市场秩序起到正向维护作用的同时,地方政府消费券的发放也产生了一系列不当竞争问题,不利于公平竞争市场环境的建构。相应问题主要体现为地方政府之间的行政垄断与财力不均、发放平台之间的不透明竞争与垄断威胁以及合约商家之间审核标准不清与资源倾斜。对此,应从以下三个方面进行规制。针对地方政府之间的不当竞争,应建立以中央为支撑的统一预算体系,落实公平竞争审查制度在消费券发放中的适用;针对发放平台之间的不当竞争,应规范政府采购程序以及选用多方发放平台;针对合约商家之间的不当竞争,应公布审核标准,采取动态发放手段以限制行业间利益分化。

In the context of the COVID-19, local governments in China issued a large number of consumption vouchers to stimulate consumption and boost the economy. However, while playing a positive role in maintaining a fair competition market order, the issuance of local government consumption vouchers has also caused a series of improper competition problems, which is harmful to the construction of a fair competition market environment. The corresponding problems are mainly reflected in administrative monopoly and financial imbalance between local governments, opaque competition and monopoly threats between distribution platforms, as well as unclear review standards and resource tilt among contractors. We should regulate this from the following three aspects. In response to improper competition among local governments, a unified budget system supported by the central government should be established, and the fair competition review system in the issuance of consumer vouchers should be implemented;In response to improper competition among distribution platforms, government procurement procedures should be standardized and multiple distribution platforms should be selected;In response to improper competition among contractors, audit standards should be published and dynamic distribution methods should be adopted to limit the division of interests between industries.