自甘风险制度适用问题研究

Research on the Application of the Self Accepted Risk System

《民法典》第1176条首次规定了自甘风险,这是对我国法学理论界和实务界长期积累的成果。自甘风险规则作为一项免责事由,其立法基础是为了促进文体活动的发展。因此,自甘风险不可能在其他侵权领域中得到普遍适用。由此应当明确区分自甘风险和其他侵权抗辩事由的界限。本文通过对司法判例进行研究,发现自甘风险制度适用标准存在争议,并主要集中在对“文体活动”的认定方面。因此,通过进一步明确“具有一定风险的文体活动”的具体范围,为自甘风险规则的适用提供更具指导性和可操作性的理论支撑。

Article 1176 of the Civil Code stipulates for the first time the voluntary risk, which is a result of long-term accumulation in the theoretical and practical fields of law in China. The voluntary risk rule, as an exemption, is based on legislation to promote the development of cultural and sports activities. Therefore, voluntary risk cannot be universally applied in other areas of infringement. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly distinguish the boundary between self risk and other grounds for infringement defense. This article studies judicial precedents and finds that there are controversies regarding the application standards of the voluntary risk system, mainly focusing on the identification of “cultural and sports activities”. Therefore, by further clarifying the specific scope of “cultural and sports activities with certain risks”, more guidance and operational theoretical support will be provided for the application of the self acceptance risk rule.