抑郁症诊断方法与相关干预研究综述

A Review of Diagnostic Methods and Related Interventions for Depression

抑郁症是一种普遍的精神障碍,因其患病率高、危害性强、自杀风险高和致残率高给个体、家庭和社会带来了严重的危害。随着生活和工作节奏的加快,人们需要面对的压力越来越大,导致患抑郁症的风险不断增加。本研究对近年来抑郁症诊断方法与相关干预方法进行简要综述发现,抑郁症传统评估和诊断方法存在主观性、隐匿性及易误诊等缺陷,且抑郁症不同病因和病理机制与干预方法之间的关联性较为模糊。本综述根据不同的病因和病理机制,选择较常用、效果普遍良好的抑郁症干预方法进行综述,并分类整理、比较现有的抑郁症诊断方法,以期为我国抑郁症的干预与诊断发展提供思路,更好地服务于临床与咨询。

Depression is a common mental disorder that brings serious harm to individuals, families and society due to its high prevalence, harmfulness, high risk of suicide and high rate of disability. With the accelerated pace of life and work, people have to face more and more pressure, leading to an increased likelihood of developing depression. In this study, a brief review of the diagnostic methods and related interventions for depression in recent years found that the traditional assessment and diagnostic methods for depression have shortcomings such as subjectivity, invisibility, and susceptibility to misdiagnosis, and that the correlation between the different etiologies and pathologic mechanisms of depression and the intervention methods is relatively ambiguous. This review selects the more commonly used and generally effective intervention methods for depression according to different etiologies and pathological mechanisms, and categorizes and compares the existing diagnostic methods for depression, with a view to providing ideas for the development of intervention and diagnosis of depression in China, and to better serve the clinic and counseling.