后阿奇米亚时代欧盟投资条约改革与中国因应——基于Achmea B.V.案研究

EU’s Investment Treaty Reform and China’s Response in the Post-Achmea Era—A Study Based on the Achmea B.V. Case

欧盟法院首次在Achmea B.V.案中裁定,荷兰与斯洛伐克间的双边投资条约受到欧盟法的限制,最终因违反欧盟法而无效。这一裁定直接否定了欧盟内部双边投资条约的效力,对“以欧盟法为中心”的欧盟和“以国际法为中心”的国际投资仲裁庭产生革命性影响。鉴于欧盟投资法体系改革带来的多方影响,中国应高度关注国际投资领域制度的革新,倡导建立常设上诉机制、保留当事方指定仲裁员的程序、寻求多途径解决投资争端,搭建国际投资合作互利共赢的新平台。

For the first time, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) ruled in case Achmea B.V. that the BIT between the Netherlands and Slovakia was subject to EU law and was ultimately null and void for breach of EU law. This decision directly negates the validity of intra-EU BITs, and has essentially affected the “EU law-centered” EU and the “international law-centered” international investment arbitration tribunals. In view of the multiple impacts of the reform of the EU investment law system, China should pay great attention to the innovation of the system in the field of international investment, advocate the establishment of a permanent appeal mechanism, retain the procedure of party-appointed arbitrators, and seek for multiple ways to resolve investment disputes, so as to build a new platform for international investment cooperation for mutual benefit and win-win situation.