城市生活垃圾分类政策工具类型及其作用——基于中央层面政策文本的分析

Types and Functions of Municipal Solid Waste Classification Policy Tools—Analysis Based on Policy Texts at the Central Level

城市生活垃圾分类政策工具是有效实现城市生活垃圾分类政策目标的重要手段,对城市生活垃圾分类治理和政策执行效果起到至关重要的作用。本文采用内容分析法,通过收集中央层面于2000~2021年颁布的与城市生活垃圾分类相关的政策文本,进行筛选与编码,从城市生活垃圾分类政策工具与政策作用对象两个维度进行阐述。研究发现,三种政策工具中,强制型政策工具的使用频率最高;在政策作用对象中,针对公共机构和企业的相关政策数量最多。针对这一现象,本文提出相应的政策建议:优化政策工具结构、落实管理以及提升政策匹配度。

The policy tool of municipal solid waste classification is an important means to effectively realize the goal of municipal solid waste classification policy, which plays a crucial role in the governance of municipal solid waste classification and the effectiveness of policy implementation. This paper adopts the content analysis method, by collecting policy texts related to municipal solid waste classification enacted at the central level from 2000 to 2021, screening and coding them, and elaborating on them in terms of the two dimensions of urban household waste classification policy tools and policy role objects. It is found that among the three policy tools, the mandatory policy tool is the most frequently used;among the policy targets, the number of relevant policies for public institutions and enterprises is the largest. In view of this phenomenon, this paper puts forward corresponding policy suggestions: optimizing the structure of policy tools, implementing management and improving policy matching.