低出生率背景下的高校困境及转型路径探索

Exploration of the Dilemma and Transformation Path of Universities under the Background of Low Birth Rate

国家统计局于2022年2月28日发布《中华人民共和国2022年国民经济和社会发展统计公报》文章指出,全年出生人口956万人,死亡人口1041万人,全国人口比2021年末减少85万人,这是我国有人口统计以来61年首次出现下降,自2018年起,我国的生育率和人口增速都已经开始明显下降,人口减少的趋势是非常明确且长期的。人口出生率下降导致的适龄人口减少将会给我国高等院校带来前所未有的挑战。我国高等院校转型已经处于迫在眉睫的关键时刻。因此,本文拟从人口出生率下降的视角,对中国高等院校转型发展问题进行初步的探索,以期能够推动我国高等院校健康发展,为国家持续培育“高精尖”人才。

On February 28, 2022, the National Bureau of Statistics issued the “Statistical Communiqué of the People’s Republic of China on National Economic and Social Development in 2022.” The article pointed out that the annual birth population was 9.56 million and the death population was 10.41 million. The national population was 850,000 less than the end of 2021. This is the first decline in 61 years since China’s population statistics. Since 2018, China’s fertility rate and population growth rate have begun to decline significantly, and the trend of population decline is very clear and long-term. The decrease of school-age population caused by the decline of birth rate will bring unprecedented challenges to China’s colleges and universities. The transformation of China’s colleges and universities is at a critical moment. Therefore, this paper intends to make a preliminary exploration on the transformation and development of China’s colleges and universities from the perspective of the decline in the birth rate, in order to promote the healthy development of China’s colleges and universities, and continue to cultivate “high-precision” talents for the country.