从女性婚育的正外部性看婚育政策的改革方向——基于公共选择理论的政策分析

Reform Direction of Marriage and Childbearing Policy from the Positive Externalities of Female Marriage and Childbearing—Policy Analysis Based on Public Choice Theory

面临严峻的人口危机,我国相继出台了全面放开三孩、离婚冷静期等婚育政策,但婚育率仍持续走低,政策效果未及预期。研究借助公共选择理论、从女性婚育的正外部性出发分析我国现行婚育政策失败的原因,在此基础上提出降低女性婚育成本、增加女性婚育收益从而弥合女性婚育的正外部性是制定行之有效的婚育政策的关键。

In the face of the severe demographic crisis, China has successively introduced marriage and childbearing policies such as the full liberalization of three children and the cooling-off period for divorce, but the marriage and childbearing rate is still persistently low, and the effect of the policies has not been as expected. The study analyzes the reasons for the failure of China’s current marriage and parenthood policy from the perspective of positive externalities of women’s marriage and parenthood with the help of public choice theory, based on which it is proposed that lowering the cost of women’s marriage and parenthood and increasing the benefit of women’s marriage and parenthood so as to bridge the positive externalities of women’s marriage and parenthood are the keys to formulating an effective marriage and parenthood policy.