社会支持对老年人生活满意度的影响分析——基于CHARLS2018数据

Analysis of the Influence of Social Support on Life Satisfaction of the Elderly—Based on CHARLS2018 Data

党的二十大指出,要实施积极应对人口老龄化的战略,提升老年人生活满意度是这个战略的重要环节。随着老龄化不断推进,老年人尤其是高龄老人生活满意度的提高不仅取决于自身,更离不开社会支持。因此,采用定性、定量相结合的方法探讨社会支持对老年人生活满意度的影响。基于CHARLS2018数据,运用二元Logistic回归发现子女经济支持、医疗保险、居家和社区养老服务、子女探望频率、子女联系频率与社交活动对老年人生活满意度有显著影响。在定量研究基础上,结合深入访谈法,进一步发现子女物质与精神支持、养老保险对满意度的重要性。研究发现:在国家推进积极人口老龄化战略背景下,大部分老年人生活满意度较高,工具性、情感性、同伴性的多元化社会支持对提升生活满意度具有必要性。在重视家庭养老地位的前提下,增设居家和社区养老服务,积极推进老年人参保与社交,真正落实《老年人权益保障法》。

The Party’s 20th National Congress pointed out that it is necessary to implement the strategy of actively responding to the aging population, and improving the life satisfaction of the elderly is an important part of this strategy. With the continuous advancement of aging, the improvement of life satisfaction of the elderly, especially the oldest old, not only depends on themselves, but also depends on social support. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore the influence of social support on the life satisfaction of the elderly. Based on the data of CHARLS2018, binary Logistic regression was used to find that children’s financial support, medical insurance, home and community care services, children’s visit frequency, children’s contact frequency and social activities had a significant impact on the life satisfaction of the elderly. On the basis of quantitative research, combined with the interview method, further found the importance of children’s material and spiritual support and pension insurance to satisfaction. It is found that under the background of the national strategy to promote active population aging, most elderly people have a high degree of life satisfaction, and diversified social support of instrumental, emotional and peer nature is necessary to improve life satisfaction. On the premise of attaching importance to the status of family elderly care, we will add home and community elderly care services, actively promote the participation of the elderly in insurance and social networking, and truly implement the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly.