《民法典》视角下权利人错误通知侵权责任研究

Research on Erroneous Notice Tort Liability of Right Holders from the Perspective of The Civil Code

长期以来,在错误通知人责任承担的方面,我国立法存在规定不清、立法空白、责任承担不明确的问题。面对实务中频发的错误通知导致侵权的现象,《民法典》的出台对通知删除规则和错误通知人的侵权责任承担做出了新的规定,这顺应了司法裁判的现实需要,也更符合《中美经贸协议》提出的新要求。文章通过对《民法典》所规定的错误通知侵权责任制度进行分析,明确了错误通知行为的性质是一种侵害民事权益的行为,认定了错误通知人承担侵权责任的归责原则应当适用过错责任原则,有利于解决当前网络侵权规制中存在的现实问题,更好应对网络时代多变的现状以及探究通知删除规则的发展路径。

For a long time, China’s responsibility for erroneous notice in Internet infringement has been unclear, there is a gap in legislation, and the responsibility is unclear. In the face of frequent wrongful notification infringement in practice, the promulgation of The Civil Code conforms to the needs of judicial judgment, and is more in line with the new requirements of the China-Us Economic and Trade Agreement. New provisions are made on the rules of notice deletion and the liability of wrongful notifier. By analyzing the tort liability system of erroneous notice stipulated in the Civil Code, this paper makes it clear that the nature of wrong notification is an infringement of civil rights and interests, and identifies that the principle of fault liability should be applied to the liability principle of the erroneous notice, which is conducive to solving the practical problems existing in the current network infringement regulation. Better deal with the problems existing in the network era and explore the development path of notification deletion rules.