探究国际投资仲裁实践中条约选购问题及防范

The Problem and the Precaution of Treaty Shopping in International Investment Arbitration

条约选购无论是从投资者的实践,还是从国际仲裁案件的数量来看,都已成为现代投资领域不可忽视的一个问题。文章第一部分对于条约选购的概念进行了界定,并总结了条约选购问题形成原因和不利影响,这是探究条约选购问题的前提。第二部分通过梳理国际仲裁中的各类案例,整理了影响国际仲裁庭识别条约选购问题的三个标准,根据这三个标准分析了仲裁庭对于条约选购的态度,总结得到条约选购问题并不是非法行为,国际仲裁庭甚至天然地会倾向于保护投资者,更多地会给国家造成损失。由此引出第三部分,即国家能够减少因条约选购问题带来的损失的三种主要的限制方法,并对三种方法进行利弊分析,以期给未来国家的条约缔结实践提供一定的建议。

Treaty shopping has become an issue that cannot be ignored in the modern investment field, both in terms of investors’ practice and the number of international arbitration cases. The first chapter of this article defines the concept of treaty shopping and summarizes the reasons for the formation of treaty shopping, which is the prerequisite for exploring the issue of treaty shopping. In the second chapter, by sorting out various cases in international arbitration, three criteria affecting the identification of treaty shopping by international arbitral tribunals are compiled, and the attitude of arbitral tribunals towards treaty shopping is analyzed according to these three criteria, concluding that treaty shopping is not an illegal act, and international arbitral tribunals are even naturally inclined to protect investors, which causes losses to states. The third chapter introduced the resulting three main methods of restriction that states can use to reduce losses caused by treaty shopping, and analyze the pros and cons of these three methods, with a view to providing some suggestions for future state treaty-making practice.