衍生数据知识产权保护的理论证成与权利构造

Theoretical Proof and Rights Construction of Intellectual Property Protection for Derived Data

衍生数据作为数据要素中的重要组成部分,蕴藏着巨大的经济价值。衍生数据符合劳动赋权理论与创新激励理论,赋予其知识产权保护具备法理基础;从知识产权客体扩张性逻辑以及原型范畴理论来看,衍生数据可因“家族相似性”而纳入知识产权客体体系内,但考虑到衍生数据自身的独特属性,既有的知识产权制度难以对其进行合理的规制,因而需要为衍生数据在知识产权体系内创设新型知识产权即衍生数据专有权。具体而言,该权利的构造需以满足多方利益平衡和促进数据要素市场流通原则,以非独创性、公开性以及来源合法的衍生数据为客体,基本权能包括发布权、使用权、传播权、禁止权。为避免衍生数据权人的权利过分扩张,权利的行使受到保护期限、合理使用制度以及强制许可制度的限制。

Derived data, as an important component of data elements, contains enormous economic value. Derived data conforms to the theories of labor empowerment and innovation incentives, giving it a legal basis for intellectual property protection;from the perspective of the logic of expansion of intellectual property objects and the theory of prototype categories, derived data can be included in the system of intellectual property objects due to “family similarity”. However, considering the unique attributes of derived data itself, existing intellectual property systems are difficult to regulate it reasonably. Therefore, it is necessary to create new types of intellectual property rights, namely exclusive rights to derived data, within the intellectual property system. Specifically, the construction of this right needs to meet the principles of balancing multiple interests and promoting the market circulation of data elements, with unoriginal, public, and legally sourced derivative data as the object. The basic rights include the right to publish, use, disseminate, and prohibit. To avoid excessive expansion of the rights of derivative data rights holders, the exercise of rights is limited by protection periods, fair use systems, and mandatory licensing systems.