专利先用权制度的适用困境与对策

The Application Dilemma and Countermeasures of the Patent Right of First Use System

在利益平衡观念的指导下,专利先用权是专利法赋予在先使用人的一项特殊权利。专利先用权制度主要体现于我国《中华人民共和国专利法》75条第2款的规定,该条款确认了专利先用权的合法地位。然而,在先用权的实际适用中存在着诸多不足,由于对法条规定的“技术来源”、“必要准备”、“原有范围”没有统一明确的界定,在学术界和司法实践中存在着不同的理解和做法,本文基于对制度原理和具体案例的分析,对完善专利先用权提出优化路径,以期推动我国专利先用权制度的发展。

Under the guidance of the concept of balancing interests, the right of first use of a patent is a special right granted to the prior user by the Patent Law. The system of patent right of first use is mainly reflected in Article 75 (2) of the Patent Law of the People’s Republic of China, which confirms the legal status of patent right of first use. However, there are many shortcomings in the practical application of prior use rights. Due to the lack of a unified and clear definition of “technical sources”, “necessary preparations”, and “original scope” stipulated in the law, there are different understandings and practices in academic and judicial practice. Based on the analysis of institutional principles and specific cases, this article proposes optimization paths for improving patent prior use rights, in order to promote the development of China’s patent prior use rights system.