《民法典》中继承权丧失制度的不足与完善建议

The Deficiency of the System of Loss of Inheritance Rights in the Civil Code and Suggestions for Improvement

继承制度是《中华人民共和国民法典》(以下简称《民法典》)中关于自然人死亡后财产分配与归属的一项制度。这一制度与我国每个家庭及其成员息息相关。继承权丧失制度是继承制度中一项重要内容,《民法典》第一千一百二十五条规定了该项制度,相较于原《继承法》,该制度更加符合我国的国情,同时也完善了原继承制度中的不足。随着我国经济高速发展,人们对物质生活和精神世界的追求都显著提高,但这也导致司法实践中各类继承问题不断涌现,由于法律具有滞后性的特点,在立法上肯定会存在一些不足。文章试通过对这一制度深入了解,厘清该制度存在的不足并提出自己的一些建议。文章立足于继承权丧失制度,从我国国情以及司法实践现状等方面的分析,从五个方面提出继承权丧失制度不足,笔者针对不足之处提出对该制度完善建议,主要包括细化故意杀害被继承人的规定、明确其他继承人的范围、明确对卑亲属代位继承的效力内容、扩大继承权丧失申请主体的范围以及完善继承宽宥制度的内容,并希望该制度充分发挥价值和实践意义。

The succession system is a system in the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Civil Code) concerning the distribution and ownership of property after the death of a natural person. This system concerns every family and its members in this country. The system of loss of inheritance rights is an important part of the inheritance system, which is stipulated in Article 1125 of the Civil Code. Compared with the original Inheritance Law, the system is more in line with the national conditions of our country, and also improves the shortcomings of the original inheritance system. With the rapid development of China’s economy, people’s pursuit of material life and the spiritual world has been significantly improved, but it also led to the emergence of various inheritance problems in judicial practice, because the law has the characteristics of hysteresis, there will certainly be some shortcomings in legislation. Through an in-depth understanding of this system, the author tries to clarify the shortcomings of this system and put forward some suggestions. Based on the system of loss of inheritance rights, this paper analyzes the current situation of our country and the current situation of judicial practice, and points out the deficiencies of the system of loss of inheritance rights from five aspects. It mainly includes the elaboration of the provisions of intentional killing of the decedent, the definition of the scope of other heirs, the definition of the effect of subrogation of inferior relatives, the expansion of the scope of the subject of the loss of inheritance and the improvement of the inheritance forgiveness system, and hopes that the system will give full play to its value and practical significance.