甘蓝型油菜种子抗营养物质的研究

Study on Anti-Nutritional Compounds in Seeds of Brassica napus

甘蓝型油菜是重要的油料作物,不仅可生产食用油,而且其饼粕富含蛋白质,可作为动物饲料。油菜种子中因含有大量抗营养物质,如多酚化合物、木质素和纤维素等,其中多酚物质主要包括单宁、原花色素、类黄酮、羟基苯丙烯酸的衍生物和芥子油苷等,这些物质会严重影响菜籽油的品质和饲料的营养价值。本文主要介绍这些抗营养物质的种类、分离和测定方法,为油菜品质育种和改良提供参考。

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the second largest oil crop in the world. And rapeseed meal, the by-product after oil processing, has been considered as a good source for protein and animal forage, which makes rapeseed an useful economic crop. However, the utilization of rapeseed is still limited to the existance of abundant anti-nutritional factors including phenolic compounds, lignin and fibre. Hence, improving the quality of rapeseed with reduced anti-nutritional factors is becoming the primary mission for rapeseed breeders. The phenolic compounds of rapeseed mainly include plant tannins, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and glucosinolate. Since proanthocyanidins (PAs) is relevant to the formation of pigments in seed coat, many studies focused on discovering biosynthetic pathway and better quantification of PAs. At the same time, the group of anti-nutritional factors is interrelated to one another, which need to be deeply clarified by further studies in the future, including their synthetic precursors, biosynthetic pathway and molecular mechanisms.