病毒诱导基因沉默(VIGS)在禾本科植物中的研究进展

Progress of Virus Induced Gene Silence (VIGS) System in the Studies of Gramineae Plant

病毒诱导基因沉默(virus-induced gene silencing, VIGS)是近几年新发展起来的一种反向遗传学技术。它是通过将含有目的基因的重组病毒载体导入到宿主植物中,抑制植物内源基因表达,使其表现出目标基因功能丧失或表达水平下降的表型,属于转录后基因沉默(post-transcriptional gene silencing, PTGS)。与传统的技术相比,VIGS技术具有操作简便、无需构建转基因植株、能快速获得沉默表型等明显优点,现已被广泛应用于植物功能基因组学的研究。本文对VIGS的作用机制、操作过程、影响沉默效率的因素、应用领域各个方面进行阐述,其中会对禾本科植物中的可用载体、研究进展、前景展望进行重点介绍。

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a new kind of reverse genetic technique which has developed in recent years. By transferring the recombinant virus vector containing the target gene into host plants to inhibit the expression of endogenous genes of plants, VIGS makes host plants show different phenotypes, such as loss of function or decline in the gene expression of the target gene. VIGS has the obvious advantages over the traditional technology: easy operation, without constructing the transgenic plants, quickly obtaining the phenotype of gene silencing and so on. It has been used in studying functional genomics of plant widely nowadays. This article makes a description of the mechanisms of VIGS, the process of operation, the factors that influence efficiency of silencing, and the application field of VIGS;then, this article will focus on available vectors, progresses and prospects of Gramineous.