石竹科系统学研究新进展

New Advances in Caryophyllaceae Systematics

本文综述了近年来石竹科系统学研究的新进展。石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)约有86属,2200余种,全球广布,主要分布在北半球温带和暖温带地区,具有重要的观赏和药用价值。石竹科可追溯到晚白垩世,其多样化中心位于地中海和伊朗–突雷尼地区。传统上石竹科被分为3个亚科:繁缕亚科(Alsinoideae)、石竹亚科(Caryophylloideae)和指甲草亚科(Paronychioideae)。近来的分子系统学研究表明,从演化关系上分析石竹科传统分类并不合理,因为3亚科均不是单系类群。而最新提出的石竹科11族分类系统则得到较好支持,尽管尚不完善。这11个分支间的系统发育关系基本清楚,但大爪草族(Sperguleae)的单系支持率不高,而且一些大属的范围及单系性仍然存在争议。此外,大属里许多小属的准确位置仍然悬而未决。因此石竹科分类系统亟需进一步修订,其内部一些关键分类群需要重新划分。

New advances of Caryophyllaceae systematics in recent years are reviewed in this paper. Caryophyllaceae, about 2200 species distributed among 86 genera, have a global distribution but primarily of temperate and warm-temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere as well as a key ornamental and medicinal value. Caryophyllaceae date back to the Late Cretaceous, and have a center of diversity in the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanean regions. The family is traditionally subdivided into three subfamilies: Alsinoideae, Caryophylloideae and Paronychioideae. Recent molecular phylogenetic researches suggested that the traditionally recognized classification system has not been evolutionarily reasonable, since none of the three subfamilies is monophyletic. Instead, the currently proposed classification systems for Caryophyllaceae with eleven tribes are better supported despite some imperfection. Although the phylogenetic relationships among the eleven clades are basically distinct, the monophyly of Sperguleae is not well supported. The boundaries and monophyly of the major genera are uncertain. In addition, the placement of the many small genera among the larger genera have hitherto been poorly resolved, so it will be important to further revise the classification systems and delimit its own crucial taxa again.