茂兰保护区掌叶木种子雨动态变化及鸟兽取食特征

Dynamic Changes of Rain and Birds and Beasts Feeding Characteristics of Palm Leaf Seed in Maolan Reserve

为了解掌叶木种子雨动态变化过程及鸟兽取食特征,以茂兰保护区掌叶木果实及种子为材料,通过布设种子雨收集器并结合统计分析,研究掌叶木种群种子雨、种子库及其幼苗存活现状及鸟兽取食特征,揭示掌叶木种群自然更新的动态过程,寻找其更新脆弱的环节及其影响因素,为掌叶木自然种群的恢复提供理论依据。以掌叶木母树为中心,在其周围(东南西北四个方位)布设种子雨收集框和土壤种子库样方,连续4年观测种子雨和种子库的动态,并对地表覆盖物中种子萌发及幼苗数量进行观测和记录。结果表明,4年中掌叶木种子雨动态变化相似,均在8月下旬开始掉落,高峰期出现在9月中下旬左右,在10月中旬掉落结束。2016年和2018年掌叶木种子雨密度分别为(353.36 ±9.48)粒∙m−2和(342.69 ±9.20)粒∙m−2,均显著高于2017年和2019年的(214.55 ±5.67)粒∙m−2和(198.29 ±4.40)粒∙m−2。掌叶木种子虫蛀率与种子产量有一定关系,在种子产量较低年份(2017和2019年)虫蛀率有升高趋势,在种子产量较高年份(2016年和2018年)有降低趋势。掌叶木种子鸟兽取食率与种子产量有一定关系、掌叶木结实存在大小年现象。

In order to understand the dynamic change process and feeding characteristics of palm leaf tree seeds, the paper studies the status of seed rain, seed bank and seedling survival and feeding cha-racteristics of palm leaf tree species by setting up seed rain collector and combining with statistical analysis, and reveals the dynamic process of natural regeneration of palm leaf tree population, and finds out the fragile link of regeneration and its influencing factors, so as to provide theoretical basis for the restoration of palm-leaf tree natural population. The seed rain collecting frame and soil seed bank sample were arranged around the palm leaf tree (four directions of east, south and west) to observe the seed rain and seed bank dynamics for 4 years, and the seed germination and seedling number in the surface mulch were observed and recorded. The results showed that the rain dynamics of palm leaf in 4 years were similar, all of them began to fall in late August, the peak period appeared in mid-late September and ended in mid-October. The rain density of (353.36 ±9.48) m−2 and (342.69 ±9.20) m−2 in 2016 and 2018 were significantly higher than that of (214.55 ±5.67) m−2 and (198.29 ±4.40) m−2 in 2017 and 2019, respectively. There was a certain relationship between seed moth rate and seed yield. In the lower year of seed yield (2017 and 2019), the moth rate increased, and in the higher year of seed yield (2016 and 2018), the worm moth rate decreased. There was a certain relationship between the feeding rate and seed yield, and the annual phenomenon existed in the fruiting of palm-leaf wood.