30种开花藤本植物在上海地区的适生性综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation of Adaptability of 30 Flowering Vines in Shanghai

为推广开花藤本植物在上海地区的园林应用,基于层次分析法(AHP)建立了综合评价模型,从观赏性、生长特性及适应性三方面筛选出12个评价因子,对30种藤本植物(含品种)进行露地栽培试验,对其适生性进行综合评价,以判断其在上海应用的可行性。结果表明,攀爬能力、花期长短、越夏能力、抗病虫害能力和栽培养护难易是影响开花藤本在上海应用的主要因子。根据AHP评价结果,将30个种(品种)划分为3个等级:I级包括藤本月季“红双喜”(Rosa “Double Delight”)、藤本月季“光谱”(Rosa “Spectra”)、藤本月季“安吉拉”(Rosa “Angela”)、藤本月季“粉龙”(Rosa “Pierre de Ronsard”)、凌霄“弗拉门戈”(Campsis grandiflora “Flamenge”)、美国凌霄(Campsis radicans)、美国凌霄“嘉宝”(Campsis radicans “Jiabao”)、美国凌霄“弗拉瓦”(Campsis radicans “Fulawa”)、宿根牵牛(Ipomoea indica)和红萼苘麻(Abutilon megapotamicum)等10个优良观赏种类,可大量推广应用;II级包括双喜藤(Mandevilla laxa)、意大利络石藤(Trachelospermum jasminoides)、香花崖豆藤(Millettia dielsiana Harms)、紫藤“丰花”(Wisteria sinensis “Prolific”)、金钩吻(Gelsemium sempervirens)和重瓣黄木香(Rosa banksiae)等13个品种,园林中可与花期长的种类配合应用;III级包含7个品种,园林应用价值较低,建议少量应用。

In order to promote the garden application of flowering vines in Shanghai, a comprehensive evaluation model was established based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and 12 evaluation factors were selected from the three aspects of ornamentation, growth characteristics and adaptability. Twenty species of vines (including varieties) were cultivated in open field, and their suitability was comprehensively evaluated to judge the feasibility of their application in Shanghai. The results showed that climbing ability, the length of flowering period, the ability to pass summer, resistance to pests and diseases, and the difficulty of cultivation and maintenance are the main factors affecting the application of flowering vines in Shanghai. According to the results of AHP evaluation, 30 species and varieties are divided into 3 grades: Grade I includes 10 ornamental species, such as Rosa “Double Delight”, Rosa “Spectra”, Rosa “Angela”, Rosa “Pierre de Ronsard”, Campsis grandiflora, Campsis radicans, Campsis radicans “Jiabao”, Campsis radicans “Fulawa”, Ipomoea indica and Abutilon megapotamicum, which can be widely promoted and applied;Grade II includes 13 ornamental species, such as Mandevilla laxa, Trachelospermum jasminoides, Millettia dielsiana Harms, Wisteria floribunda “Prolific”, Gelsemium sempervirens and Rosa banksiae, which can be used in gardens with long flowering species;Grade III includes 7 species, which have low garden application value and can be applied in small amounts.