不同施氮肥方式对高粱吉杂127干物质和产量的影响

The Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Methods on Dry Matter and Yield of Sorghum Jiza 127

为探究不同施氮肥方式对高粱产量和干物质积累与分配的影响,以高粱杂交种吉杂127为试验材料,设置4种施氮肥方式,氮肥1:0氮量,播种前施氮肥0 kg/hm2 + 硫酸钾150 kg/hm2;氮肥2:一次性施氮肥,播种前施磷酸氢二铵150 kg/hm2 + 硫酸钾150 kg/hm2 + 尿素400 kg/hm2;氮肥3:播种前施磷酸氢二铵150 kg/hm2 + 硫酸钾150 kg/hm2 + 追肥(400 kg/hm2尿素,拔节期施用);氮肥4:播种前施磷酸氢二铵150 kg/hm2 + 硫酸钾150 kg/hm2 + 追肥(500 kg/hm2尿素,拔节期施用)。结果表明:4种不同施氮肥方式下,穗部性状和产量均表现不同的趋势,一级枝梗数、千粒重、经济产量和生物产量均表现为氮肥3 】氮肥4 】氮肥2 】氮肥1,相比于未施氮肥、一次性施氮肥和二次施氮肥过量处理相比,氮肥3处理下生育期提前2天,且在开花期和灌浆期,高粱群体冠层中、下部叶片能够保持更高的叶面积指数,并能够增加植株各器官的干物质积累量,提高花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率。

In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen application methods on the yield and dry matter accumulation and distribution of Sorghum, the Sorghum hybrid Jiza 127 was used as the experimental material, and 4 nitrogen application methods were set up. Nitrogen fertilizer 1:0 nitrogen amount, nitrogen fertilizer 0 kg before planting /hm2 + potassium sulfate 150 kg/hm2;nitrogen fertilizer 2: one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer, apply diammonium hydrogen phosphate 150 kg/hm2 + potassium sulfate 150 kg/hm2 + urea 400 kg/hm2 before sowing;nitrogen fertilizer 3: apply diammonium hydrogen phosphate 150 kg/hm2 + sulfuric acid before sowing Potassium 150 kg/hm2 + top dressing (400 kg/hm2 urea, applied at jointing stage);Nitrogen fertilizer 4: Diammonium hydrogen phosphate 150 kg/hm2 + potassium sulfate 150 kg/hm2 + top dressing (500 kg/hm2 urea, applied at jointing stage) before sowing. The results showed that under the four different nitrogen application methods, the ear traits and yield showed different trends. The number of first-grade branches, thousand-grain weight, economic yield and biological yield all showed the order of nitrogen fertilizer 3 >nitrogen fertilizer 4 >nitrogen fertilizer 2 >nitrogen fertilizer 1. Compared with no nitrogen application, one-time application of nitrogen fertilizer and second application of excessive nitrogen fertilizer, the growth period under nitrogen fertilizer treat- ment 3 was 2 days earlier, and the middle and lower leaves of the Sorghum population canopy remained higher during the flowering and filling stages. The leaf area index can increase the accumulation of dry matter in each organ of the plant, and increase the accumulation of dry matter after flowering and its contribution to grain yield.