烟草磷素营养吸收利用的分子生理研究进展与展望

Research Advance and Prospect on Molecular-Physiological Mechanisms of Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization in Tobacco

磷素是植物生长发育必需的大量元素之一,在农业生产中其主要来源于不可再生的岩石磷酸盐。日益增长的食物需求加速了磷肥的消耗,亦使人们愈发重视磷高效品种的研发和培育。烟草是研究植物生物化学和分子生物学的常用模式作物,也是农业生产中种植面积很大的重要经济作物,其产量常依赖于大量乃至过量磷肥的施用。虽然植物响应磷饥饿的分子机制在水稻和拟南芥中已有相对较深入的研究,但是就烟草而言,在遗传学层面上发掘可应用于磷高效育种的关键基因(或分子元件)和在生物学机理上解析磷吸收利用及调控之间,仍存在着很大的差距。为此,本文总结了植物对磷吸收与利用的研究现状,以及近年来通过转基因技术提高烟草磷效率的主要进展,探讨了与磷吸收效率相关的研究成果在烟草中应用的可能性;最后,从分子生物学角度提出了提高烟草磷效率的可行性方法与技术策略。

Phosphorus (P) is one of the essential macro-elements for plant growth and development. In agricultural production, P mainly comes from non-renewable rock phosphate. Because the in-creasing demand for food has been accelerating the consumption of phosphorus fertilizer, people have paid more attention to the development and cultivation of phosphorus efficient varieties. Tobacco is used as a common model crop for the study of plant biochemistry and molecular biology;it is also an important cash crop with a large planting area in agriculture, and its yield often depends on the application of large or even excessive phosphorus fertilizer. Although the molecular mechanism of plant response to phosphorus starvation in rice and Arabidopsis has been relatively deeper investigated, in tobacco plant there is still a big gap between identification of genetic key genes(s) or molecular component(s) applicable to breeding of a P-efficient variety and dissection of a biological mechanism(s) of phosphorus acquisition and its regulation. In this paper, the current status of phosphorus uptake and utilization by plants was summarized, and some research advances of improving tobacco phosphorus efficiency by transgenic technology in recent years were also outlined. The possibility of the application in tobacco of certain research achievements related to phosphorus uptake efficiency was discussed. Finally, from the perspective of molecular biology, some feasible methods and technical strategies for the improvement of tobacco phosphorus use efficiency were proposed.