小麦抗白粉病种质资源的筛选

Screening of Wheat Germplasm Resources for Powdery Mildew Resistance

小麦白粉病是小麦全生育期都会发生的叶部病害,能使小麦的产量和品质大幅度下降。种植抗病品种一直被认为是防治小麦病害最为经济、安全和有效的途径。为掌握长江中下游麦区和黄淮麦区主栽品种、新近审定的品种以及一些高代品系对我国白粉病的抗性水平。本研究选用白粉菌生理小种52-27对长江中下游麦区和黄淮麦区主栽品种和后备小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗病性鉴定;选用白粉菌生理小种E21、52-27和2-40对49个小麦品种(系)进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明,74个苗期抗性参试品种(系)中,抗52-27的有25个,占35.21%。使用离体叶段法鉴定的49个品种(系)中,抗E21的有13个,占26.53%;抗52-27的有17个,占34.69%;抗2-40的有12个,占24.49%;对3个小种均抗病的有2个,占4.08%。

Wheat powdery mildew is a leaf disease that occurs during the whole growth period of wheat, which can significantly reduce the yield and quality of wheat. Planting disease-resistant varieties has always been regarded as the most economical, safe and effective way to control wheat diseases. In order to grasp the resistance level of main plant varieties, newly approved varieties and some high-generation lines to powdery mildew in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huanghuai wheat area. In this study, the physiological race 52-27 of powdery mildew was used to identify the disease resistance at the seedling stage of the main varieties and reserve wheat vari-eties (lines) in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huanghuai wheat region;the physiological races E21, 52-27 and 2-40 were used for disease resistance identification of 49 wheat varieties (lines). The results showed that among the 74 test varieties (lines) with resistance at the seedling stage, 25 were resistant to 52-27, accounting for 35.21%. Among the 49 cultivars (lines) identified by the in vitro leaf segment method, 13 were resistant to E21, accounting for 26.53%;17 were resistant to 52-27, accounting for 34.69%;12 were resistant to 2-40, accounting for 24.49%;2 of the 3 races were resistant to disease, accounting for 4.08%.