多金属矿区复合污染土壤植物修复策略研究

Study on Phytoremediation Strategies of Contaminated Soil in Polymetallic Mining Area

多金属矿区在自然界中存在较多,重金属类型具有伴生性和综合性,其引起的污染具有多种元素复合的特点。多金属矿区的冶炼尾渣等废弃物、矿石及酸性矿山排水是引起多金属矿区污染的主要原因,且目前有色金属矿区周边土壤镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)污染较为严重,矿区土壤–植物体系作为Pb和Cd等重金属污染物的环境载体和最终受体,环境要素及驱动因素的多样性增加了对其进行生态修复和恢复治理的难度。目前的研究表明,植物修复虽然具有较多优点,且已经筛选出具有累积效应的植物种类及生理特点,但是在修复后的管护措施等方面仍然存在一定的局限性,有待继续研究。

There are many polymetallic mining areas in nature. The types of heavy metals are associated and comprehensive, and the pollution caused by them has the characteristics of multiple elements. Wastes such as tailings from polymetallic mining areas, ores and acid mine drainage are the main reasons for the pollution of polymetallic mining areas. At present, the pollution of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) in the soil around the nonferrous metal mining areas is relatively serious. The mining area soil-plant system is the environmental carrier and final receptor of heavy metal pollutants such as Pb and Cd, the diversity of environmental factors and driving factors increases the difficulty of ecological restoration and restoration. The current research shows that although phytoremediation has many advantages and has screened out plant species and physiological characteristics with cumulative effects, there are still some limitations in the management and protection measures after remediation, which need to be further studied.