基于叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸多态位点的落叶松属(Larix Mill.)植物的分子鉴定新方法——以8个种/变种的分析为例

A Novel Method for Molecular Identification of Plants in Larix Mill. Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphic Characters from Complete Chloroplast Genomes—Analysis on Eight Species/Varieties as an Example

高通量测序技术可低成本获得叶绿体全基因组序列,为落叶松属植物的精确鉴定提供了可能。我们利用叶绿体全基因组中的527个单核苷酸多态位点,作为分子性状,首次精准鉴定落叶松属8个种/变种,研制了分子分类检索表。单核苷酸多态位点存在种间差异。喜马拉雅红杉(Larix himalaica W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu)、新疆落叶松(L. sibirica Ledeb.)和欧洲落叶松(L. deciduas Mill.)的物种特有单核苷酸多态位点数量均较多,遗传分化较大。落叶松(原变种) (L. gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. var. gmelinii)、黄花落叶松(L. gmelinii var. olgensis (A. Henry) Ostenf. & Syrach)、千岛落叶松(L. gmelinii var. japonica (Maxim. ex Regel) Pilg.)以及凯杨德落叶松(L. cajanderi Mayr)之间遗传差异较小。结果显示叶绿体基因组的单核苷酸多态位点信息,可用于落叶松属植物不同基因型的分子鉴定。本研究对于落叶松属植物种质资源的分类鉴定、保护和利用具有重要价值。

The low experimental cost of high-throughput sequencing technology for yielding sequence data of complete chloroplast genomes has made it possible to challenge the accurate identification of Larix plants. In this study, five hundred and twenty-seven single nucleotide polymorphic charac-ters from the complete chloroplast genomes were used for the first time as molecular traits to identify Larix plants and compile a molecular classification key. There are differences in aspects of single nucleotide polymorphic characters between species and varieties. Among the eight spe-cies/varieties, L. himalaica W. C. Cheng & L. K. Fu, L. sibirica Ledeb .and L. deciduas Mill. has larger number of diverged single nucleotide characters. Genetic variation levels among the four genotypes as named L. gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. var. gmelinii, L. gmelinii var. olgensis (A. Henry) Ostenf. & Syrach, L. gmelinii var. japonica (Maxim. ex Regel) Pilg. and L. cajanderi Mayr are comparatively low. Our results indicated that single nucleotide polymorphic characters from the chloroplast genomes could be used for discrimination of different genotypes in Larix. This study is valuable for identification, conservation and utilization of plant germplasm resources of Larix.