植烟土壤酸碱度与烤烟质量关系研究

Study on the Relationship between Soil Acidity and Alkalinity of Tobacco Planting and the Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco

目的:为研究文山州植烟土壤酸碱度与烤烟质量的关系,为优质烟叶的生产提供参考依据。方法:选取了云南文山州7个烤烟种植县的222份土壤样品以及222份烤烟样品,检测了土壤样品的pH值,并对不同pH值土壤所产烟叶样品进行了外观质量鉴定、物理指标检测、化学成分分析及感官评吸质量评价。结果:1) 土壤pH与烟叶外观质量总分、油分得分和含梗率呈负相关关系,与叶宽呈极显著正相关关系,且随着土壤pH值升高烟叶颜色和成熟度得分呈下降趋势。2) 土壤pH值与烟叶总植物碱含量呈正相关关系,与钾含量、氮碱比和两糖比呈负相关关系;随着土壤pH值的上升,还原糖含量有下降趋势。3) 土壤pH值与烟叶的杂气、烟气细腻柔和程度和干燥感呈负相关关系,土壤pH (5.5~6.5)所产烟叶评吸总分表现最好。结论:植烟土壤的酸碱度对烤烟质量存在明显影响,适宜的土壤pH (5.5~6.5)有利于提高烟叶的整体质量。Background: In order to study the relationship between the pH of tobacco planting soil and the quality of roasted tobacco in Wenshan Prefecture, and to provide a reference basis for the production of high-quality tobacco. Methods: A total of 222 soil samples and 222 roasted tobacco samples from seven tobacco growing counties in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province were selected, and the pH values of the soil samples were detected. Tobacco samples produced from soils with different pH values were analyzed for the identification of appearance quality, physical indexes, and chemical composition, and combined with the organoleptic evaluation of the smoking quality of the tobacco leaves to identify the influence of soil pH on the quality of roasted tobacco. Results: 1) Soil pH was negatively correlated with the total score of tobacco appearance quality, oil score and stems rate, and it was significantly positively correlated with leaf width, and the color and maturity scores of tobacco leaf showed a decreasing trend with the rise of soil pH. 2) Soil pH was positively correlated with the total alkaloid content of tobacco leaves, and negatively correlated with potassium content, nitrogen-alkali ratio and two-sugar ratio;with the rise of soil pH, the reducing sugar content had a decreasing trend. 3) Soil pH was negatively correlated with tobacco odor, smoke fineness and softness, and dryness, and the total score of tobacco produced by soil pH (5.5~6.5) was the best. Conclusion: The acidity and alkalinity of the tobacco planting soil have obvious influence on the quality of roasted tobacco, and the suitable soil pH (5.5~6.5) is conducive to improving the overall quality of tobacco.