新疆北鲵自然保护区气象服务浅析

An Analysis of Meteorological Services in Beiji Nature Reserve in Xinjiang

本文通过对温泉县新疆北鲵国家级自然保护区进行实地调查研究,发现由于今年温泉气候变化较往年较为异常,春、夏两季气候变化反复,气温上呈现“前期高温,后期凉爽”,降水时空分布不均,西部地区以及南、北部山区降水量较大,时间分布上呈现“前期干旱,后期多雨”。2020年,温泉地区降水量虽有增长,但增长趋势和幅度较弱,加之春、夏两季气候变化反复不足以促进冰川物质积累,冰川消融量大于积累量,冰川平衡线抬升,高海拔区地下水位下降,山间涌泉及溪流减少,北鲵赖以生存的湿地面积不断萎缩,造成北鲵国家级自然保护区出现缺水、草场退化,北鲵繁衍遭受影响,成为其野外种群数量持续减少的主要原因。

Through the field investigation and research of the Beiji National Nature Reserve in Xinjiang, Wenquan County, this paper found that due to the abnormality of climate change in Wenquan County compared with previous years, the spring and summer climate change repeatedly, the temperature presents “early high temperature, late cool”, and precipitation is unevenly distributed in time and space, specifically, the western regions and the mountainous areas in the south and north have larger precipitation, the time distribution shows “drought in the early stage and rain in the late stage”. In 2020, although precipitation in Wenquan areas has increased, the growth trend and magnitude are weak, while the spring and summer climate change repeatedly, thus it is not enough to promote the accumulation of glacier material, so glacier melting is greater than the accumulation, glacier balance line rises, high-altitude area groundwater level declines, mountain springs and streams decrease, and the wetland area on which Beiji depends continues to shrink. As a result, the water shortage and grassland degradation in the national nature reserve affected the breeding of Beiji, which became the main reason for the continuous decrease of the wild population.