云南旅游气候舒适度特征分析及其变化趋势

Analysis and Variation Trend of Climate Comfort Characteristics of Yunnan Tourism

利用云南16个国家气象观测站1970年1月1日~2021年12月31日的逐日气象观测资料,采用温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数、综合气候指数及“黄金分割法”计算法计算各气候指数及体感温度,分析云南各州市旅游气候舒适度分布特征,综合评估云南各州市的气候舒适度。结果表明:1) 云南各地州全年综合气候指数等级均较高,均处在较舒适等级及以上,舒适期波峰型城市主要出现在春季、夏季及秋季,而波谷型城市主要出现在秋末、冬季及初春,两种类型的城市正好形成一定的互补效应;2) 云南省各地州年均舒适度等级分布来看,广义舒适:舒适、微热、凉爽、凉日数明显较多,其4个等级日数占总日数的83.7%,几乎一半以上的时间均处于人体体感舒适期,而酷热、炎热、寒冷、严寒日数除个别站点外几乎为零,印证了云南全年气候舒适指数较高,冬无严寒,夏无酷暑,是避暑避寒的旅游胜地。

Based on the daily meteorological data of 16 ground observation stations from 1970.1.1 to 2021.12.31, we used the temperature and humidity index, wind efficiency index, clothing index, comprehensive climate index, all the climate indexes and body temperature calculated by the “golden section” calculation method to analyze the distribution characteristics of comfort level and evaluate the climate comfort level of tourism for all cities in Yunnan. The results showed that: 1) The annual comprehensive climate index of all prefectures in Yunnan is high, and all of them are at the comfort level and above. Peak-type cities appeared in spring, summer and autumn, while the trough-type cities mainly occurred in late autumn, winter and early spring. The two types of cities reflected a complementary effect. 2) The distribution of annual average comfort level showed that the number of comfortable days in the broad sense (comfortable, slightly hot, cool and cool is obviously more), and the number of days in the four levels accounts for 83.7%. More than half of the times were in the comfort period of human body, and the number of extremely hot, cold, severe cold days is almost 0 except for individual stations. These results confirm that Yunnan has a high climate comfort index throughout the year, with no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer, making it a tourist resort to escape the heat and cold.