全球湿润区的气候演变特征分析

Analysis of Climate Evolution Characteristics in Global Humid Climate Zones

文章旨在研究1979~2022年全球湿润区的气候演变特征,探讨不同湿润区域气温、降水量、湿润天数、云量和水汽压的变化规律。研究数据主要来源于CRU TS 4.07数据集,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验、Sen’s Slope斜率估计、最小–最大归一化以及皮尔逊相关系数方法,对全球气候湿润区及其亚欧、非洲、澳洲和美洲四个区域进行分析。结果表明:全球气候湿润区的日平均气温(TMP)、日最高气温(TMX)和日最低气温(TMN)均呈显著上升趋势,年增速分别为0.024℃/年、0.023℃/年和0.024℃/年,特别是亚欧气候湿润区的温度上升速度最快。全球降水量(PRE)显著增加,每年约增加0.770毫米,而湿润天数(WET)显著减少,每年减少0.140天,亚欧气候湿润区的变化最为显著。此外,湿润区云量(CLD)显著下降,每年下降0.043个百分点,水汽压(VAP)显著增加,每年增加0.012 hPa。季节性分析显示,夏季的温度和水汽压上升最快,冬季降水量增加最显著。空间分布特征显示,北半球高纬度地区气温上升最明显,热带地区降水量显著增加。总体而言,过去四十余年中,气候湿润区普遍呈现出气温上升、降水量增加、湿润天数减少、云量减少和水汽压增加的暖湿化趋势。To study the climate evolution characteristics of global humid regions from 1979 to 2022 and to explore the changes in temperature, precipitation, humid days, cloud cover, and water vapor pressure in different humid regions. The research data mainly comes from the CRU TS 4.07 dataset, which uses the Mann Kendall trend test, Sen’s slope estimation, minimum-maximum normalization, and Pearson correlation coefficient method to analyze the global climate humid regions and their four regions of Asia, Europe, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. The results show that the daily average temperature (TMP), daily maximum temperature (TMX), and daily minimum temperature (TMN) in humid regions around the world are all showing a significant upward trend, with annual growth rates of 0.024℃/year, 0.023℃/year, and 0.024℃/year, respectively. Significantly, the temperature rise rate in humid regions of Asia and Europe is the fastest. The global precipitation (PRE) has significantly increased, increasing by approximately 0.770 millimeters per year, while the number of wet days (WET) has significantly decreased, decreasing by 0.140 days per year, with the most significant changes occurring in the humid climate regions of Asia and Europe. In addition, the cloud cover (CLD) in humid areas has significantly decreased by 0.043 percentage points per year, and the water vapor pressure (VAP) has increased dramatically by 0.012 hPa per year. Seasonal analysis shows that temperature and water vapor pressure rise the fastest in summer, and precipitation increases the most significantly in winter. The spatial distribution characteristics show that the temperature in high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere has risen the most significantly, while the precipitation in tropical regions has increased considerably. Overall, over the past forty years, humid areas have generally shown a warming and humidification trend of rising temperatures, increasing precipitation, decreasing wet days, decreasing cloud cover, and increasing water vapor pressure.