多种现场初级急救技能培训模式在不同年龄段人群中运用效果的评估

Evaluation of the Effect of Various On-Site Primary First Aid Skills Training Models in Different Age Groups

目的:通过多种教学模式,分析上海市黄浦区不同年龄段人群对应急救护知识培训的通过率和具体得分情况,以寻求最适合不同年龄段人群的教学模式和最佳培训效果。方法:采用分层随机抽样方法,在上海市黄浦区社区和学校参加培训的学员中随机抽取不同年龄段共800人,调查年龄、性别等人群特征来分析其应急救护知识的掌握情况。通过问卷方式分析不同年龄段的调查对象在经过不同教学模式培训后,急救知识和操作技能考核的通过率和具体得分情况,分析最佳培训效果的教学模式。结果:所有组的学员与培训前相比,无论哪一种教学模式,其应急救护知识达标率都得到了明显的提高(P < 0.01)。青少年组和青年组学员在“工作坊式教学”培训后优秀率最高,分别达到了76.19%和73.58%。而中年组和老年组却在“示范及互动演练”培训后,取得了最高的优秀率,分别为73.21%和70%。“影像及操作示范”教学模式在所有年龄段学员组都取得了最差的学习效果,优秀率都不超过20%,与其他教学模式相比具有明显差异(P < 0.05)。结论:针对年轻学员的院前应急救护技能培训中应多采取工作坊式教学模式,而在中老年学员中,场景示范教学及互动练习演练的教学模式能够取得更好的效果。

Objective: Through a variety of teaching models, analyze the pass rate and specific scores of the corresponding emergency care knowledge training for people of different age groups in Huangpu District, Shanghai, in order to find the most suitable teaching model and the best training effect for people of different age groups. Methods: Using stratified random sampling method, a total of 800 people of different ages were randomly selected from the trainees in the communities and schools of Huangpu District, Shanghai, and the characteristics of the population such as age and gender were investigated to analyze their mastery of emergency care knowledge. By means of questionnaires, the pass rate and score of the first aid knowledge and operation skills assessment of the respondents of different age groups after being trained in different teaching modes were analyzed, and the teaching mode with the best training effect was analyzed. Results: Compared with the pre-training training, the trainees in all groups had a significant improvement in their first aid knowledge compliance rate regardless of the teaching mode (P < 0.01). The youth group and the youth group have the highest excellence rate after training in “workshop-style teaching”, reaching 76.19% and 73.58% respectively. However, the middle-aged group and the elderly group achieved the highest excellence rates after the “demonstration and interactive exercise” training, which were 73.21% and 70%, respectively. The “Image and Operation Demonstration” teaching mode achieved the worst learning effect in all age groups, and the excellent rate was no more than 20%, which was significantly different from other teaching modes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The workshop-style teaching mode should be adopted in the pre-hospital emergency care skills training for young students. In the middle-aged and elderly students, the teaching mode of scene demonstration teaching and interactive practice exercises can achieve better results.