中学生学业不良的成因与对策

The Causes and Countermeasures of Middle School Students’ Academic Failure

学业不良是指在实际学习过程中所达到的水平明显低于预期标准,其潜力未发挥出来的一种现象。学业不良的成因的内部机制主要是由于工作记忆成分缺失、元认知能力不足、感知觉不灵敏等;外部成因主要有学校教学环境和教学方式、父母的教养方式和观念、社会刻板印象。帮助学业不良者的主要策略:(1) 父母应加强对学业不良子女的有效陪伴;(2) 学校与社会应加大对学业不良者的持续关注;(3) 帮助学生形成正确的归因和良好的学习行为。

Academic failure refers to a phenomenon that the level achieved in the actual learning process is significantly lower than the expected standard, and its potential is not fully realized. The internal causes of academic failure are mainly due to the lack of working memory, lack of metacognitive ability, and insensitive perception. The external causes mainly include school teaching environ-ment and teaching methods, parenting methods and ideas, and social stereotypes. The main strategies to help the students: (1) parents should strengthen the effective companionship of the children;(2) schools and society should pay more attention to the students;(3) help students to form correct attribution and good learning behavior.