三种版本初中数学教材对比分析——以“全等三角形”为例

Comparative Analysis of Three Versions of Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks—Taking “Congruent Triangle” as an Example

全等三角形作为图形与几何的重要组成部分,在初中数学中占据着基础性地位。本研究从内容和习题两个维度对人教版、北师大版和苏科版三版教材进行对比分析,发现其中的全等三角形在章前页、内容编排和习题难度等方面存在差异:北师大版的内容编排相对于其他两版比较靠前、人教版与苏科版注重学生的例题讲解,北师大版偏向于实践练习等。根据差异提出全等三角形章节的教学建议:顺应学生认知特点,合理开展教学;利用数字技术,改善教学形式;增加习题背景,优化习题难度。

Congruent triangles, as an important part of graphics and geometry, occupy a fundamental position in junior high school mathematics. This study compares and analyzes the three editions of PEP, BNUP and JSTP from the dimensions of content and exercises revealing that there are differences in the pre-chapter page, content arrangement and difficulty of exercises in the chapter on congruent triangles: the content arrangement of the BNUP is more advanced than that of the other two editions, the PEP and JSTP pay attention to the explanation of examples for the students, and the BNUP favors the practical exercises, and so on. According to the differences, the teaching suggestions for the chapter on congruent triangles are as follows: to adapt to the cognitive characteristics of students and carry out teaching in a reasonable way;to use digital technology to improve the teaching form;to increase the background of exercises and optimize the difficulty of the exercises.