高考数学试题中数学文化的研究——以2014~2023年高考真题为例

The Study of Mathematics Culture in Mathematics Test Questions of College Entrance Examination—Taking the 2014~2023 College Entrance Examination Real Questions as an Example

数学文化已日益受到数学教育界的重视。基于对数学文化的理解,借鉴相关研究构建数学文化试题的分析框架。从数学文化类型、数学文化融入方式、数学文化教育价值、数学文化知识点分布、数学文化题量变化和数学文化分值变化6个方面,对数学文化类试题进行分析。研究发现:2014~2023年高考数学试题中数学与现实生活占比较高,数学史的占比偏低;数学教育价值观念中以工具价值为主;数学文化知识点分布中以概率与统计为主。为了更好地命制高考数学文化类试题,应注意重视数学史的教育功能,巧妙融入数学史、紧密结合现实生活,适当均衡各数学文化内容。Mathematics culture has been paid more and more attention by mathematics education circles. Based on the understanding of mathematical culture, the paper constructs the analysis frame of mathematical culture questions by referring to the relevant research. This paper analyzes the questions of mathematical culture from six aspects: types of mathematical culture, ways of integrating mathematical culture, educational value of mathematical culture, distribution of knowledge points of mathematical culture, changes of mathematical culture questions and changes of mathematical culture scores. The results show that in the 2014~2023 college entrance examination, the proportion of mathematics and real life is relatively high, while the proportion of mathematics history is low;the value of mathematics education is mainly the value of tools;the distribution of mathematical cultural knowledge points is dominated by probability and statistics. In order to better order the examination questions of mathematics culture in the college entrance examination, we should pay attention to the educational function of mathematics history, skillfully integrate into mathematics history, closely combine with real life, and properly balance the contents of mathematics culture.