哈尔滨文庙:二十世纪初的儒家文化坚守

Harbin Confucian Temple: Adherence to Confucian Culture in the Early 20th Century

在黑龙江省,有史可查的文庙并不多,其中现存最完整、规模最大的当属哈尔滨市文庙。与全国其他省份的文庙在二十世纪初大多被损毁的情况不同,哈尔滨文庙是少有的在此期间建成且规模和建制堪称东北地区最大。因此,为进一步了解哈尔滨文庙承载的儒家文化传承功能并探寻其建成所蕴涵的政治和文化意义,本文将通过梳理哈尔滨文庙的历史沿革,还原其历史风貌的方式,突出其在东北地区革命时期抵御精神文化压迫的重要作用。最终,文章也将呈现两条核心线索:第一,从哈尔滨文庙的建筑特点以及“大祀”礼制规模中探究其建立背后的重要意义;第二,根据哈尔滨文庙“庙馆合一”的新发展模式探究其在现代社会中所承接的儒家文化发扬功能。

In Heilongjiang Province, there are not many Confucian Temples with historical records, among which Harbin Confucian Temple is the most complete and the largest. Unlike the Confucian Temples in other provinces in China, which were mostly destroyed at the beginning of the 20th century, Harbin’s Confucian Temple was one of the few built during this period, with the largest scale and structure in Northeast China. Therefore, in order to further understand the inheritance function of Confucian culture carried by Harbin Confucian Temple and explore the political and cultural significance implied by its construction, this paper will sort out the historical evolution of Harbin Confucian Temple and restore its historical style to highlight the important role in resisting spiritual and cultural oppression during the revolutionary period in Northeast China. Finally, the paper will present two core clues: First, explore the important implications behind the establishment of Harbin Confucian Temple from the architectural features and the scale of “big sacrificial” ritual system;Second, according to the new development mode of Harbin Confucian Temple, “integrating the temple and museum”, it explores the function of carrying forward Confucian culture in modern society.