孔子忠恕思想再探

Re-Exploring Confucius’ Thoughts on Loyalty and Forgiveness

孔子“忠恕思想”的解析是一个老问题,大多数现代学者都采取“以孔解孔”的方法,将“忠恕”或者拆解,或者合并,进而得出两个德目或者一个德目的解答。宋代朱熹更是将“忠恕”融进“理学”的架构之中,虽从表面上看是两个德目,其实是相即不离,可以化为一个德目。然则,圣言简单而深奥,只做这几种解法,虽说能阐发出一些解释,但是其“奥处”却未得见。因此探究“忠恕”之奥处显得更为紧要,而“忠恕”之奥处只能从“生命本身的安顿之处”来寻,只有如此,才能得见“忠恕”。

The interpretation of Confucius’ “loyalty and forgiveness” thought is an old problem. Most modern scholars adopt the method of “interpreting Confucius through Confucius”, either by breaking down or combining “loyalty and forgiveness” to arrive at answers with either two moral standards or one. Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty integrated “loyalty and forgiveness” into the frame-work of “Neo-Confucianism”. Although it appears to be two moral standards on the surface, it is ac-tually inseparable and can be reduced to one. However, the words of the sages are simple yet pro-found. Although these methods can produce some explanations, the essence of it is still difficult to grasp. Therefore, it is more important to explore the essence of “loyalty and forgiveness”, which can only be found in the “settlement of life itself”. Only then can we truly understand “loyalty and for-giveness”.