“道术”与“方术”——庄子哲学观探析

“Daoshu” and “Fangshu”—An Analysis of Zhuangzi’s Philosophical View

本文从古文字字源的角度,讨论了“术”、“道”、“方”三个古文字的原初意义,之后再从文献学角度梳理庄子对“方术”与“道术”的定义和理解,进而揭示庄子的哲学观。“方术”与“道术”构成了整个《天下》篇的逻辑线索。《天下》篇的真正意义在于一方面庄子借助方术与道术的区别表达了他的哲学观,另一方面通过这一区别也为学者预留了一条重新审视《庄子》全书的线索。

This article discusses the original meanings of the three ancient characters “shu”, “dao”, and “fang” from the perspective of the origin of ancient characters. Then, from the perspective of philology, it sorts out Zhuangzi’s definition and understanding of “fangshu” and “daoshu”, and reveals Zhuangzi’s philosophical views. The logical clues of the entire “Tianxia” chapter are composed of “Fangshu” and “Daoshu”. The true significance of the “Tianxia” chapter lies in the fact that on the one hand, Zhuangzi expressed his philosophical views through the difference between Fangshu and Daoshu, and on the other hand, this difference also reserved a clue for scholars to reexamine the entire book of Zhuangzi.