由秧歌剧探析陕甘宁边区的妇女工作

An Analysis of Women’s Work in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region from Yangko Opera

本文结合《兄妹开荒》《动员起来》《货郎担》《夫妻识字》《小姑贤》《买卖婚姻》六部秧歌剧文本,来探讨陕甘宁边区的妇女工作。陕甘宁边区政府结合妇女的个体需求,在经济方面探索出“建立在个体经济基础上的集体劳动组织”模式,即实行缴纳公粮、变工互助;在文化层面,边区政府则将识字与农业生产结合,鼓励乡村妇女在农闲时期学习科学文化知识,这些举措对今后妇女工作具有借鉴意义。

This article discusses the women’s work in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region by combining the texts of six Yangko dramas, “A Brother and Sister Reclaiming Wasteland”, “Mobilization”, “Businessman’s Bearer”, “Couple Literacy”, “The Sister-in-law is Virtuous” and “Buying and Selling Marriage”. The government of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region combined the individual needs of women and explored the model of “collective labor organization based on the individual economy” in the economic aspect, that is, the implementation of public grain payment and mutual assistance in changing jobs;at the cultural level, the border region government combined literacy with agriculture combine production and encourage rural women to learn scientific and cultural knowledge during the slack period. These initiatives have reference significance for women’s work in the future.