公私法协动视角下的生态损害修复制度——以《民法典》第1234条为切入

Ecological Damage Restoration Mechanism from the Perspective of Coordinating Public Law and Private Law—Taking Article 1234 of the Civil Code as a Starting Point

在本次《民法典》侵权责任编中,增设了与生态环境损害相关条款,其中,第1234条是对生态环境损害修复这一制度的创新性表述,是立足于传统私法构造下对于公法中类似制度的借鉴,从而明确修复责任的承担方式以及实现途径。条款中蕴涵的私法公法化趋向使得公益救济的制度引入出现学术分歧,探究公私法体系的衔接成为条款优化的可能研究思路。未来应当充分发挥公私法协同运作对于整合环境民事公益诉讼、生态环境损害赔偿制度的积极功效,逐步完善私法求偿与公法执行之间的平衡机制,使《民法典·侵权责任编》在公私合流大势中彰显时代特色。

Article 1234 is an innovativeformulation of the system of ecological damage restoration, which is based onthe traditional private law structure and is a reference to similar systems inpublic law, so as to clarify the way to assume responsibility for restore andthe way to achieve it. The tendency of publicizing private law in the articlehas led to academic disagreement on the introduction of a public interestremediation system, and exploring the interface between public and private lawsystems has become a possible research idea for optimizing the article. It isnecessary to play a positive role in the synergy of public and private law,which integrate environmental civil public interest litigation and ecologicaldamage compensation systems, and gradually improve the balance between privatelaw claims and public law enforcement mechanisms, so that the Tort Liability Part of Civil Code will show thecharacteristics of the times in the general trend of public-privatemerging.