智能合约算法错误的法律挑战

Algorithmic Errors in Smart Contracts: A Legal Challenge

传统合同法规则中,合同作为双方当事人合意的产物,一方提出要约,另一方经过慎重考虑后需做出承诺,而人工智能技术的快速发展则使得算法能在当事人未参与的情况下形成合同。这也将以当事人达成协议为前提的传统合同法规则延伸到了一个新的领域。具体来讲,程序化交易中的客观事实可能因为复杂的计算机技术而无法百分百还原,当确定性算法对交易进行独立的决策调整时,是否可以适用认识错误理论,法律上又该如何分配因错误执行的智能合约所造成的损失。

Under traditional contract law, acontract is the product of mutual consent between parties, whereby one partymakes an offer, the other party makes an acceptance after carefulconsideration. The rapid development of artificial intelligence technologymakes it possible for algorithms to form contracts without the participation ofthe parties. This extends the traditional rules of contract law based on theagreement of the parties to a new field. Specifically, the objective facts inprogrammed transactions may not be fully reconstructed because of thecomplexity of computer technology. Can the theory of cognitive error be appliedwhen the deterministic algorithm adjusts the transaction independently? Howshould the law allocate the losses caused by the wrongly executed smartcontracts?