空间碎片主动移除法律问题研究

Research on Legal Issues of Active Removal of Space Debris

航天国家对外层空间的频繁使用造成了空间碎片的日益增多,为外层空间的环境带来了污染。空间碎片的治理目前依靠外层空间五大条约以及具有软法性质的《空间碎片减缓准则》与《IADC空间碎片减缓指南》进行规制,在外层空间可持续发展的背景下,空间碎片主动移除面临法律上的困境,具体包括空间碎片移除的法律依据薄弱、以及空间碎片面临所有权障碍。本文主要针对无登记国的空间碎片的所有权问题提出解决办法,指出以明示和默示放弃所有权的方式解除无登记国的所有权问题。

The frequent use of outer space byspace nations has resulted in an increasing number of space debris, which haspolluted the outer space environment. The governance of space debris iscurrently regulated by the five outer space treaties and the Space DebrisMitigation Guidelines and IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines, which aresoft laws. In the context of the sustainable development of outer space, theactive removal of space debris faces legal difficulties. These include the weaklegal basis for the removal of space debris and the ownership barriers facingspace debris. This paper mainly proposes a solution to the problem of ownershipof space debris in non- registered countries, pointing out that the problem ofownership of space debris in non-registered countries can be relieved byexpress or implied renunciation of ownership.