国际反恐的自卫权适用研究

Study on the Application of the Right to Self-Defense in International Counterterrorism

随着世界经济的发展和科技的进步,恐怖主义活动越来越猖獗,它的危害性越来越强。各国在打击恐怖主义时所亟待解决的新的法律问题也越来越多。因此如何正确的运用自卫权去打击恐怖主义已经成为了一个刻不容缓的议题。本文从研究现代国际恐怖主义的特征入手,分析其对国际法律规制带来的新挑战。然后,从理论和实践两个方面着重分析就单独的自卫权的行使条件,同时将自卫权行使的条件与反恐的大背景相结合,提出在反恐形势下自卫权行使应受到的规制。最后,本文对反恐形势下自卫权的行使对象问题进行深入探究。根据《联合国宪章》第五十一条规定,自卫权的行使对象只能是国家;而在打击恐怖主义组织时,国家与恐怖主义组织往往有着或多或少的联系,而法律对这一部分的规定仍是空白,使得在实践中受害国在反恐时与东道国产生很多纠纷。本文从学者的论述和国际法院的判决中分析了面对不同情况下受害国的自卫权的行使对象,以期能够对反恐形势下自卫权的国际法规范的完善有所裨益。

With the development of world economyand the progress of science and technology, terrorist activities are more andmore rampant, and its harm is more and more strong. There are more and more newlegal problems to be solved in the fight against terrorism. Therefore, how tocorrectly use the right of self-defense to combat terrorism has become anurgent issue. This paper starts with the study of the characteristics of moderninternational terrorism and analyzes its new challenges to international legalregulation. Then, from the theory and practice of the two aspects of theexercise of the right to self-defense on the condition of the exercise of theright to self-defense combined with the background of counter-terrorism, putforward the exercise of the right to self- defense in the context ofcounter-terrorism should be regulated. Finally, this paper discusses the objectof exercising the right of self-defense under the anti-terrorism situation.According to article 51 of the charter of the United Nations, the right ofself-defense can only be exercised against states;And organizations in thefight against terrorism, and terrorist organizations tend to have more or lesscontact, this part of the provisions of the law is still a blank, makes thevictim in practice with the host country produce a lot of disputes on terror,in this paper from the scholars and the court’s decision, the object of avictim’s right of self-defense is analyzed in the face of the exercise ofdifferent cases, in order to counter-terrorism situation, benefit theimprovement of the international law of self-defense.