深层链接行为的著作权法规制

Copyright Regulation for Deep Linking Behaviour

深层链接行为能够使用户在设链网站直接获得被链作品,该行为实质替代了被许可人和著作权人的作品提供行为,损害了著作权人的利益。新传播源理论是服务器标准的底层逻辑,其中“传播源”仍然停留在对传播行为的本质追寻,忽视了著作权法对规制交互式传播行为的意义,由此诞生的服务器标准一刀切地否定所有链接行为构成信息网络传播权直接侵权的可能,不考虑设链行为的目的和效果,违反了WCT的技术中立原则。对设链行为的定性应考察不同链接利用行为的经济效果,区分技术中介行为与作品提供行为。以作品提供为目的设链行为所产生社会福利主要源于著作权人,应构成信息网络传播行为,承担著作权直接侵权责任。默示许可制度与合理使用制度的互动关系能有效调节因信息网络传播权扩张带来的不良影响,实现网络空间的互联互通。

Deep linking enables users to obtain the linked works directly from the websites where embedding links set up, which essentially replaces the works provided by the licensee and the copyright owner and damages the interests of the copyright owner. The “server rule” standard is based on the “new dissemina-tion source” theory, which is derived from physical definition of “communication source”, ignoring the significance of copyright law in regulating interactive dissemination behaviors. This standard does not consider the purpose and effect of the technology;therefore, all acts of providing deep links cannot constitute direct infringement of the right of information network communication. This violates the technology-neutral principle of WCT. The characterization of the act of setting up links should examine the economic effects of different acts of link utilization and distinguish between the act of technical intermediation and the act of providing works. The social benefits generated by the act of linking for the purpose of providing works mainly originate from the copyright owner;there-fore, this kind of deep linking behaviour should constitute an act of information network communi-cation. The implied license system and the fair use system can effectively regulate the adverse effects brought about by the expansion of information network communication rights.