国家管辖范围外生物遗传资源问题研究

Study on Biological Genetic Resources be-yond National Jurisdiction

保护和利用国家管辖范围外生物遗传资源对生态环境和人类社会发展具有极其重要的意义,而现有的立法却难以有效地保护国家管辖范围外的生物遗传资源,在《联合国海洋法公约》框架下构建新生物遗传资源保护协议势在必行。目前,国际社会已经启动了五轮新协议的谈判,但由于国家利益考量角度不同,国家管辖范围外生物遗传资源的法律地位、管理机制等一直存在争议。本文从国家管辖范围外生物遗传资源国际法规制现状出发,剖析了新协议争议焦点问题,并就新协议的设计提出建议。

The protection and utilization of biogenetic resources beyond national jurisdiction is of great importance to the ecological environment and human social development, but the existing legislation is difficult to effectively protect biogenetic resources beyond national jurisdiction, and it is imperative to establish a new agreement on the protection of biogenetic resources under the framework of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. At present, the international community has initiated five rounds of negotiations for a new agreement, but the legal status and management mechanism of biogenetic resources beyond national jurisdiction have been controver-sial due to different perspectives of national interests. This article analyzes the controversial issues of the new agreement from the perspective of the current situation in international law of biogenet-ic resources beyond national jurisdiction and makes suggestions on the design of the new agree-ment.