大数据侦查的法律规制——个人信息保护的冲突到融入

Legal Regulation of Big Data Investigation—Conflict and Integration of Personal Information Protection

目前大数据侦查的实践样态包括以犯罪侦破为目标的精准运用以及以犯罪预防为目标的预警系统。大数据侦查相较于传统侦查措施在大数据时代对于犯罪侦破和犯罪预防具有天然优势。然而,大数据侦查引发的全景式监控风险、数据共享风险以及刑事侦查与行政执法的混同风险,使得个人信息保护的引入变得紧迫起来。要对大数据侦查的法律规制和个人信息保护的关系树立理性认知,以比例原则为规范工具,将大数据侦查纳入刑事诉讼立法中,实现平衡各方主体利益的合理制度安排。

At present, the practice pattern of big data investigation includes the accurate application of crime detection as the goal and the early warning system aiming at crime prevention. Compared with traditional investigation measures, big data investigation has natural advantages for crime detection and crime prevention in the era of big data. However, the risk of panoramic monitoring, the risk of data sharing and the risk of confusing criminal investigation with administrative law en-forcement caused by big data investigation, make the introduction of personal information protec-tion become urgent. It is necessary to establish a rational cognition of the relationship between the legal regulation of big data investigation and the protection of personal information, take the prin-ciple of proportionality as a normative tool, and incorporate big data investigation into the legisla-tion of criminal procedure, so as to achieve a reasonable institutional arrangement that balances the interests of various subjects.