紧急仲裁员制度在国际投资仲裁中适用的困境与可行性研究

Dilemmas and Feasibility Study on the Application of the Emergency Arbitrator System in International Investment Arbitration

“紧急仲裁员”制度(Emergency Arbitrator (EA) procedure)在商事仲裁领域运用之后,逐渐使用到国际投资仲裁中,国际投资仲裁与国际商事仲裁在程序上具有相似之处,但又有自己的特殊性。由于国家的主权属性,该制度在国际投资仲裁中的适用效果有限。在一些案例中,东道国政府可能会拒绝执行,甚至在紧急仲裁程序中不参与答辩。因此,紧急仲裁员制度是否适用于国际投资仲裁存在争议。目前,主要的国际投资争端解决中心ICSID的仲裁规则中尚未引入紧急仲裁员制度。因此,本文探讨该制度在国际投资仲裁中的可行性和困境。

After its application in the field of com-mercial arbitration, this system was gradually used in international investment arbitration, which is an arbitration procedure between an investor and a host country and has procedural similarities with international commercial arbitration, but has its own particularities because of the sovereign nature of the state, which has limited effect in existing cases of urgent arbitration requests in in-ternational investment arbitration, and the reluctance of states to cooperate, for example in the en-forcement process. The host government refuses to enforce, or even to participate in the defence in emergency arbitration proceedings, so it becomes questionable whether the emergency arbitrator system can really be universally applied in international investment arbitration. The present study investigates the practicability and challenges of implementing the emergency arbitrator system in international investment arbitration, given that it has not yet been included in the arbitration reg-ulations of ICSID, which is the principal global center for resolving investment disputes.